Study on immigration and emigration

The study provides evidence on immigration and emigration of EU citizens to and from Germany, as well as an analysis of the situation of EU citizens in Germany.

A first result is an analysis of the legal framework for intra-EU migration and an overview of the current state of research in the social sciences. In a second work package, statistical data sources, in particular the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and the German Microcensus, were used to provide a detailed picture of the composition of EU migrants, the duration of their stay in Germany and their integration into the German society and the labour market.

In addition to the quantitative analyses, qualitative interviews were conducted with counselling and support institutions as well as civil society organisations in order to supplement the quantitative results. The focus is on the reasons and motivations for staying to Germany or returning to the home countryA social media survey was also used to reach the target group itself and gain further insights into their experiences and motivations.

The study shows that, due to the right of free movement and other legal regulations, EU citizens enjoy advantages over immigrants from third countries in many areas. Nevertheless, those working in low-wage and unskilled jobs are particularly at risk of precarious and sometimes illegal employment conditions. Access to further training and career advancement are often available after a longer period of residence in Germany. The study also shows that many EU citizens have experienced discrimination in Germany.

The study summarises the results in a report (in German) and provides recommendations for action.